The Beginning of the 20. Century, Azerbaijan’s Political and Literary Status

       The first years of the 20. century was a turning point for Azerbaijan with Russia. For this reason, Beginning of the 20th century to the end of the 19th century, political and social movements that emerged in Azerbaijan, at the same time they are effects of the cultural life of that period to know the activities of the Press and publications;  Between Azerbaijan and Turkey would be appropriate to briefly review the political and cultural relevance.

       In the first half of the 19. century ,  Russian rule began to settle in Azerbaijan, a nation in the face of the structure of the rest had to a certain extent under the influence of Persian culture. Whereupon, The Russian administration to break the strong influence of the civilized Orient-Islamic culture ;  Instead of this effect , the Russian culture was established by missionaries to place.

         At the time there are the written literary tradition and a rich tradition of oral literature in Azerbaijan live. Azerbaijani people have a rich tradition and customs, so opposed to the Russian cultural influence. Modernization movements in Azerbaijan and the whole Caucasus are began after the Russian invasion. City of Tbilisi played a major role in spreading the Russian and European influence in the Caucasus. The Russians opened several schools around after the invasion of the Caucasus. Azerbaijani Turkish courses were offered in these schools since 1819. The reason for this , the majority of the Turkish population in Azerbaijan, the Caucasus and the relationship of the state to provide the public to bring up staff interpreters. In fact, many of these schools demand grows in the future modernization of Azerbaijan has pioneered the intellectual and artistic life. Azerbaijani intellectuals began to open schools. In these schools, as well as courses in oriental thought and science in the modern era were given. ‘Usûl-i Cedid’ reaction to this so called education system, the Caucasus and Azerbaijan have been accepted subsequently. ‘Usûl-i Cedid’ play a major role in the development of the modern Azerbaijan literature and the chain leading figures in educating both the official Russian and Azerbaijani Schools personel has been a great influence. After the Russian invasion, Azeris have learned European Civilization. Russian influence in Azerbaijan grew up in the first thinkers and scientists. This is the first Azerbaijani come in contact with the Western idea generation, the libertarian ideas formed in Europe after the French Revolution, the ideal of democracy and populism remained in effect. The pioneers of the modern Azerbaijan literature are mostly influence under the Russians impression.

         The beginning of the 20.century, Major events took place in Tsarist Russia and Azerbaijan. Baku, due to the oil industry has shown a rapid growth in a short time has become the center of culture and civilization of Azerbaijan. The Russian Revolution of 1905, "Tribal Prison known as" sun gave birth to freedom in Tsarist Russia, Russia's political, literary, social, activities were rapidly developed. Many books have been published as soon as possible, newspapers and magazines started running, political parties, social organizations established. Turks and Muslims affected by these developments. The idea of freedom to gain clarity in Azerbaijan in political movements, intellectuals, and many tendencies to appear in Azerbaijan, a wealth of ideas on these issues as a matter of course has helped the emergence of culture and civilization preferences. Freedom of expression is clearly a very enlightened people to express their ideas in the newspapers provided. Azeris tryed  to figure out what was going on, were making preparations for the future of their dormitories at the entrance of this century. There were new developments in Turkey. Azeris were following the published writings of the idea in Turkey. Azeri publication were great impact analysis of the political and literary writings and with convergence in the language of literary and political relations also improved. This mutual relations, Azerbaijani literature strengthened its ties with Turkey. In addition, educational or similar purpose to come to Azerbaijan to Turkey Turkey's political, literary and cultural movements affected by the intellectuals in parallel to the development of Azerbaijan and Turkey's cultural and intellectual movements have contributed greatly affected. Azerbaijani literature under the influence of the three major tendency of these years: Depending on the flow of Turkism in Turkey. Turkey, Iran and other Muslim countries with the influence of Islamism and closer to the political and social currents of the socialist currents in the 1920s. In the first quarter of the 20 century the representatives of the tendency of these three are found in literature:  I. Revolutionary - Democratic Literature, II. Realist Literature, III. Romantic Literature.

               Entities at the beginning of the 20 century all of these changes and continue today, although traditional building moving towards an understanding of postmodernist. 

Ali KOCA

iletisim@politikadergisi.com

GÜRCİSTAN ,TİFLİS

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